Patent: Ligands for Metals and Improved Metal-catalyzed Processes Based Thereon. 31Patent Authors: Buchwald, S.L.; Old, D.W.; Wolfe, J.P.; Palucki, M.; Kamikawa, K. U.S. Patent No. 6,946,560Date Issued: September 20, 2005Patent Title: Ligands for Metals and Improved Metal-catalyzed Processes Based Thereon.