Abstract:

The optimized conditions for continuous-flow palladium-catalyzed C–N bond-forming reactions have been determined. They require the use of aqueous KOH, toluene as the solvent, tetrabutylammonium bromide as a phase-transfer catalyst, and a packed-bed microreactor (see scheme; TBAB=tetrabutylammonium bromide). In some cases, peforming these reactions under harsh conditions led to greatly enhanced reaction rates.